Abstract The purpose of the project is to finding out the process of how crystals grow, by adding different amount of borax solution. This relates to standard 3.c. “Student know the atoms and molecules form solids by building up repeating patterns such as the crystal structure of NaCl or long chain polymers”. We chose this project because crystals are interesting, rarely seen, and are very eye catching. To conduct this experiment you would first need to collect 6 identical jars and create as solution by boiling water and adding borax, start off with 2 tablespoons. Once you have completed the first solution, you would repeat this for all other 5 jars but every jar you would add 2 tablespoons more than the last.(Zehra) During the experiment we had observed many things. When we added the different amount of borax the growth rate changed, we observed the more borax solution added the more crystals grew. Within the first couple of hours there was results, crystals were forming.(Cynthia) In conclusion, the amount of borax does affect the growth of crystals. For example, if you add 4 tablespoons of borax instead of 2, the crystal will grow twice the size. Next time for future experiments, you could change the temperature, not the amount. In our lab, we had no problems since we followed the procedure step-by-step.
Problem:-Zehra Does the amount of borax solution effect the growth of crystals?
Purpose (Good use 3rd person!)-Chris/ Cynthia The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether the amount of borax will affect the growth of the crystals. People may think borax crystals as decorations, but little do they know, crystals can be used in daily life. The amount of borax used in a solution will determine the growth of crystals. With the different amounts of borax, the growth of the crystals will prove whether or not it matters when growing crystals. The temperature will stay the same; studies show that lower temperatures will dissolve the borax solution, and at room temperature, the crystals will grow to be the largest.
Homeowners and manufacturers should care about borax crystals because of its natural uses. Borax crystals can be used to kill weeds and clean your dishes without leaving rough stains. Manufacturers can use these crystals as an oxidation when dealing with metals. Not only should they care about what borax crystals can do, it is also safe and easy to use. Borax crystals are useful in many different ways; many different people will find them useful in the future.
History-Zehra Crystals were first discovered in ancient Egypt and Rome during the biblical times. Ancient miners found crystals (where? how?)). Crystals have been in history for a long time, they have been on earth since earth was being formed (source?). They were created on earth by the heating and cooling (of what?); as well as the combination of silicon and oxygen elements (explain how Si & O interact to form crystals). The word crystal comes from Greek “crystallos” which comes from “krysos,” and that means ice cold (source?). They (who?) believed it was ice cold because it didn’t melt. During the ancient times they (who?) believed crystals were supernatural and that it had healing powers. Crystals have been used for many things because there (wc) theory about them. Crystals were used in ceremonies, battles, healing, luck, and farming (source?). Some crystals were worn for protection and they believed it would give them energy and power. As years passed, they (who?0 figured out different ways to use crystals. Crystals are now used in medicine and for jewelry. Quart crystals are used in in watches and clocks, and computer screens. While crystals have spreaded (wc- no such word!) and new theory’s have been created, scientist who study crystallography have proved some ancient theory’s wrong (examples?; source?). This information is good for the 2nd paragraph of your process paragraph-->There are many types of crystals. This is because while crystals were being formed other types of elements were being added and the location of the crystals (good info, but awk sent. construction). Some different types of crystals are emerald, jade agate, moonstone, etc. (what elements are these other crytsals made of? what structure do they have?) oved some ancient theory’s wrong (examples?; source?).
Process - Cynthia (The process of a research report is really more about crystals. Describe the structure of crystals & the science behind crystals. )
A borax solution is needed to start the formation of crystals. The process of growing crystals is called nucleation. First, the molecules (solute) in the solution (the liquid in which you want your crystals to grow from) are dissolved individually into units. After time, solute particles will stick together and start connecting. Once the crystal’s nucleus is large enough, it starts to crystallize. Other solutes from the solvent will start to attach to the surface of the nucleus, causing it to grow equilibrium that is between the solute molecules and crystals. (How Do Crystals Form, 2011) Crystals can form in many different shapes due to the different elements used to combine the crystals. Although they differ in shapes, their structure are still the same. Borax is a good example of crystals because of the repeating patterns used to form molecules and since they're solid structures with symmetrical lines (Tiawri, 2010).
Application- Cynthia (use 3rd person) Borax crystals can be used in many ways. Since borax contains a wide variety of minerals, it can play a useful part in today's chemical products. Instead of going out to buy insect repellent, homeowners can create their own with all-natural borax crystals. The insects will be repelled by the combination of crystals. Another way these crystals can be used is when people are washing dirty pans. The nonabrasive borax crystals will remove most of the stains off the surface of the pan. Not only do they work around the house, borax crystals can also be used to kill pesky weeds. Crystals will sink below the surface of the ground, causing the weeds from ever regrowing. Borax is also very important when wielding metals. It acts as a flux, meaning flow, which are chemical cleaning agents that help the process of wielding. It removes oxidation from metals that need to be wielded together. It can also remove oxidation from any metal ornaments. Overall, borax crystals are not just there to look pretty, they're there to help repel against insects, wash dishes, kill weeds, and help remove oxidation from metal ("What are Borax Crystals Used For?" 2013).
Hypothesis- Cynthia If more borax solution is added, then the growth of the crystals will increase.
Variables- Cynthia Controlled - the jar size, the length of the string, room temperature independent- the amount of borax responding- the size of the crystals
Materials-zehra (list materials in the order they appear in the procedure)
6 new wooden pencils
6 identical jars
One small boiling pot
1 pairs of latex gloves
30.48 cm plastic wrap or aluminum foil
1 teaspoon to measure
¼ cup of borax
76.2 cm string
1 thermometer
1 pair of heat resistance gloves
1 ruler
1 sharpie
1 transparent tape
½ cup to pour boiling water
6 cups of water
Procedure- Zehra
Fill the pot with the 6 cups of water and allow it to boil *adult supervision*.
While the water is boiling, grab the string and cut 6 pieces that are 12.7 cm long depending on height of jar and tie each string in the middle of every pencil. Make sure the string lies over the jar about 10.2 cm making sure it is not touching the bottom.
Once every pencil has a string tied to it, with the same size string length, check on your boiling water and once the water is bubby or heat rising from it turn off the heat and take the temperature of the water. In your notebook record the temp.
Put on your heat resistance gloves and place the boiling water on a counter where you are able to pour water into the jars.
Pour the boiling water with your ½ cup, into your jar filling about two-thirds of all the jars. Once that is completed label your jars, two jars will be the same for instance, the first two jars would be labeled 2 teaspoons, then the other two 3 teaspoons, and the last two 4 teaspoons.
Put on your latex gloves and grab your borax, for the 2 jars labeled 2 tablespoons; there is going to have two teaspoons of borax inside the jar.
After you have poured 2 teaspoons into the two jars, place one pencil to each jar and cut a piece of aluminum foil/ plastic wrap it around the top of the jar, to keep the boiling water within the jar. Repeat steps 4-6 with all jars but the label of the jar is the amount of borax added into the jar.
Place your jars in an undisturbed place and record the growth effect in your notebook.
Analysis- Zehra (Use 3rd person) Within the first 5 hours of growing the crystals, the crystals were forming. They were whitish and transparent. It felt and looked like a hard and bumpy similar to sugar crystals. The crystals were growing on the string; it looked like there were smaller crystals growing on the bottom and sides of the jar. The more of the borax solution added, the more crystals grew at a rapid rate. In our data table the results show how the more borax the rate increased. When we had added the borax solution to the jars filled with boiling water, we believed that the more borax was the main key as shown in our data table and graphs. When we first added the solution the clear water turned foggy and looked like salt water. Then we stirred it and it had become a little more visible, once the crystals grew you were able to see inside the jar.
Conclusion-Zehra&Cynthia Does the amount of borax solution does affect the growth of crystals. The more borax solution added, the bigger the crystals grew. Our hypothesis was proven correct. If more borax solution is added, then the growth of crystals would increase In the future, students should change the temperature instead of the amounts of borax or the size of the jar. During the experiment nothing went wrong because we did everything correctly according to the procedure we could probably control the time.
Reflection:-Zehra Before we conducted the experiment, we had to do research to see what we’re experimenting with. We learned that crystals were used in many ways. For instance, “The ancient Egyptians strongly believed in the healing and protective power of crystals” (Jaycee (YEAR?)). (add what is your reaction to learning about healing powers) We didn’t know much about crystals, beside crystals being very eye-catching and being used as jewelry. When we conducted the experiment and we were all fascinated. The purpose of this experiment was to see the growth effect of adding different amounts of borax in the process of crystallization. During this process we learned about the crystal structure. By adding different amounts of borax, the rate of the growing crystals increased rapidly and dramatically. This experiment wasn’t just fascinating; it was also interesting, learning how it (specify) was created and learning different facts (such as?). In the beginning of the project, it took us nothing more than at least 45 minutes (to do what?), (and waiting for?) the result didn’t take that long either. We noticed changes occurring in the jar, in the same day within the 5 hours.(Describe changes) Then we observed that after the fourth day, there weren’t any more changes. There was 6 trials (represented by what?) and we divided by two; so there was two jars of 2 teaspoons of borax, 2 jars of 3 teaspoons of borax, and the last two jars had 4 tea (this means that you had 2 trials for each variable; this does not match the data table you submitted
Glossary: (bold all these in research report!) 1. Borax (noun): a white, water-soluble powder or crystals, hydrated sodium borate, occurring naturally or obtained from naturally occurring borates. 2. Chemical reaction (noun): chemistry reaction 3. Crystalization (verb): Form/cause to form crystals 4. Crystal structure (noun):Formation of a consistent, repeating pattern of atoms 5. Crystal (noun): a clear, transparent mineral or glass resembling ice. 6. Molecules (noun):smallest physical unit of an element or compound, one or more like atoms in an element and two or more different atoms in a compound. 7. Nucleation (verb):Physical reaction that happens when a solution starts to precipitate 8. Particles (noun): one of the extremely small constituents of matter, as an atom or nucleus. 9. Solubility(noun): the quality or property of being soluble; dissolved.(This was not used in your research report!) 10. Recrystalization (verb): to become crystallized again. (This was not used in your research report!)
Works Cited (add a space after end marks; periods go inside quotation marks; only include works that you quoted in research report)
Gutierrez-Mazzotti, C. “How Do Crystals Form and What Are Some Scientific Uses of Crystals?” USCB Science Line. National Science Foundation & UCSB School-University. No date available. Zealand. http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=1229.
Comments:
What section is Chris responsible for?see chart below, or headings of things.
Use intext citations to support facts.
person in charge of.....-Zehra
Abstract
Zehra
Acknowledgement
Table of context
Chris
Introduction
Preliminary research
Cynthia
Glossary
Zehra
History
Zehra
Process
Cynthia
Future
Cynthia
Statement of Problem
Chris
Hypothesis
Cynthia
Experimentation
Zehra
Variables
Cynthia
Materials
Zehra
Procedure
Zehra
Observation
Zehra
Data table
Zehra
Graph
Zehra
Analysis
Zehra
Conclusion
Chris
Application/Reflection
Zehra
Work cited
Cynthia
Rubric for 2f- deadline extended to 4/30 You will get Tuesday class time (4/30) to make any additional revisions. Must use 3rd person AND in-text citations for Purpose, History, Process, & Applications paragraphs.
Pts. Earned
Pts. Possible
Abstract (Q1-2)
4.5
5
Purpose
4
5
History
3
5
Process
3.5
5
Applications (Formerly Future)
4
5
Reflection (about research AND lab)
3.5
5
Glossary
3.5
5
Works Cited
3.5
5
Total
29.5
40
Rubric for 5-6ab- deadline 5/3 You will get class time (4/30 & 5/2) to make additional revisions to your wikispace page.
Pts. Earned
Pts. Possible
Abstract (Q1-4)
4.5
5
Problem
5
5
Hypothesis
5
5
Variables (3)
3.5
5
Materials
4
5
Procedure
4
5
Data Table
4
5
Graph
4
5
Analysis
3.5
5
Conclusion
4
5
Total
23.5
50
41
Comments: Put sections in order according to table of contents.
-more descriptive
Abstract
The purpose of the project is to finding out the process of how crystals grow, by adding different amount of borax solution. This relates to standard 3.c. “Student know the atoms and molecules form solids by building up repeating patterns such as the crystal structure of NaCl or long chain polymers”. We chose this project because crystals are interesting, rarely seen, and are very eye catching. To conduct this experiment you would first need to collect 6 identical jars and create as solution by boiling water and adding borax, start off with 2 tablespoons. Once you have completed the first solution, you would repeat this for all other 5 jars but every jar you would add 2 tablespoons more than the last.(Zehra) During the experiment we had observed many things. When we added the different amount of borax the growth rate changed, we observed the more borax solution added the more crystals grew. Within the first couple of hours there was results, crystals were forming.(Cynthia) In conclusion, the amount of borax does affect the growth of crystals. For example, if you add 4 tablespoons of borax instead of 2, the crystal will grow twice the size. Next time for future experiments, you could change the temperature, not the amount. In our lab, we had no problems since we followed the procedure step-by-step.
Problem:-Zehra
Does the amount of borax solution effect the growth of crystals?
Purpose (Good use 3rd person!)-Chris/ Cynthia
The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether the amount of borax will affect the growth of the crystals. People may think borax crystals as decorations, but little do they know, crystals can be used in daily life. The amount of borax used in a solution will determine the growth of crystals. With the different amounts of borax, the growth of the crystals will prove whether or not it matters when growing crystals. The temperature will stay the same; studies show that lower temperatures will dissolve the borax solution, and at room temperature, the crystals will grow to be the largest.
Homeowners and manufacturers should care about borax crystals because of its natural uses. Borax crystals can be used to kill weeds and clean your dishes without leaving rough stains. Manufacturers can use these crystals as an oxidation when dealing with metals. Not only should they care about what borax crystals can do, it is also safe and easy to use. Borax crystals are useful in many different ways; many different people will find them useful in the future.
History-Zehra
Crystals were first discovered in ancient Egypt and Rome during the biblical times. Ancient miners found crystals (where? how?)). Crystals have been in history for a long time, they have been on earth since earth was being formed (source?). They were created on earth by the heating and cooling (of what?); as well as the combination of silicon and oxygen elements (explain how Si & O interact to form crystals). The word crystal comes from Greek “crystallos” which comes from “krysos,” and that means ice cold (source?). They (who?) believed it was ice cold because it didn’t melt.
During the ancient times they (who?) believed crystals were supernatural and that it had healing powers. Crystals have been used for many things because there (wc) theory about them. Crystals were used in ceremonies, battles, healing, luck, and farming (source?). Some crystals were worn for protection and they believed it would give them energy and power. As years passed, they (who?0 figured out different ways to use crystals. Crystals are now used in medicine and for jewelry. Quart crystals are used in in watches and clocks, and computer screens.
While crystals have spreaded (wc- no such word!) and new theory’s have been created, scientist who study crystallography have proved some ancient theory’s wrong (examples?; source?).
This information is good for the 2nd paragraph of your process paragraph-->There are many types of crystals. This is because while crystals were being formed other types of elements were being added and the location of the crystals (good info, but awk sent. construction). Some different types of crystals are emerald, jade agate, moonstone, etc. (what elements are these other crytsals made of? what structure do they have?) oved some ancient theory’s wrong (examples?; source?).
Process - Cynthia (The process of a research report is really more about crystals. Describe the structure of crystals & the science behind crystals. )
A borax solution is needed to start the formation of crystals. The process of growing crystals is called nucleation. First, the molecules (solute) in the solution (the liquid in which you want your crystals to grow from) are dissolved individually into units. After time, solute particles will stick together and start connecting. Once the crystal’s nucleus is large enough, it starts to crystallize. Other solutes from the solvent will start to attach to the surface of the nucleus, causing it to grow equilibrium that is between the solute molecules and crystals. (How Do Crystals Form, 2011)
Crystals can form in many different shapes due to the different elements used to combine the crystals. Although they differ in shapes, their structure are still the same. Borax is a good example of crystals because of the repeating patterns used to form molecules and since they're solid structures with symmetrical lines (Tiawri, 2010).
Application- Cynthia (use 3rd person)
Borax crystals can be used in many ways. Since borax contains a wide variety of minerals, it can play a useful part in today's chemical products. Instead of going out to buy insect repellent, homeowners can create their own with all-natural borax crystals. The insects will be repelled by the combination of crystals. Another way these crystals can be used is when people are washing dirty pans. The nonabrasive borax crystals will remove most of the stains off the surface of the pan. Not only do they work around the house, borax crystals can also be used to kill pesky weeds. Crystals will sink below the surface of the ground, causing the weeds from ever regrowing. Borax is also very important when wielding metals. It acts as a flux, meaning flow, which are chemical cleaning agents that help the process of wielding. It removes oxidation from metals that need to be wielded together. It can also remove oxidation from any metal ornaments. Overall, borax crystals are not just there to look pretty, they're there to help repel against insects, wash dishes, kill weeds, and help remove oxidation from metal ("What are Borax Crystals Used For?" 2013).
Hypothesis- Cynthia
If more borax solution is added, then the growth of the crystals will increase.
Variables- Cynthia
Controlled - the jar size, the length of the string, room temperature
independent- the amount of borax
responding- the size of the crystals
Materials-zehra (list materials in the order they appear in the procedure)
Procedure- Zehra
Analysis- Zehra (Use 3rd person)
Within the first 5 hours of growing the crystals, the crystals were forming. They were whitish and transparent. It felt and looked like a hard and bumpy similar to sugar crystals. The crystals were growing on the string; it looked like there were smaller crystals growing on the bottom and sides of the jar. The more of the borax solution added, the more crystals grew at a rapid rate. In our data table the results show how the more borax the rate increased. When we had added the borax solution to the jars filled with boiling water, we believed that the more borax was the main key as shown in our data table and graphs. When we first added the solution the clear water turned foggy and looked like salt water. Then we stirred it and it had become a little more visible, once the crystals grew you were able to see inside the jar.
Conclusion-Zehra&Cynthia
Does the amount of borax solution does affect the growth of crystals. The more borax solution added, the bigger the crystals grew. Our hypothesis was proven correct. If more borax solution is added, then the growth of crystals would increase In the future, students should change the temperature instead of the amounts of borax or the size of the jar. During the experiment nothing went wrong because we did everything correctly according to the procedure we could probably control the time.
Reflection:-Zehra
Before we conducted the experiment, we had to do research to see what we’re experimenting with. We learned that crystals were used in many ways. For instance, “The ancient Egyptians strongly believed in the healing and protective power of crystals” (Jaycee (YEAR?)). (add what is your reaction to learning about healing powers) We didn’t know much about crystals, beside crystals being very eye-catching and being used as jewelry. When we conducted the experiment and we were all fascinated.
The purpose of this experiment was to see the growth effect of adding different amounts of borax in the process of crystallization. During this process we learned about the crystal structure. By adding different amounts of borax, the rate of the growing crystals increased rapidly and dramatically. This experiment wasn’t just fascinating; it was also interesting, learning how it (specify) was created and learning different facts (such as?). In the beginning of the project, it took us nothing more than at least 45 minutes (to do what?), (and waiting for?) the result didn’t take that long either. We noticed changes occurring in the jar, in the same day within the 5 hours.(Describe changes) Then we observed that after the fourth day, there weren’t any more changes. There was 6 trials (represented by what?) and we divided by two; so there was two jars of 2 teaspoons of borax, 2 jars of 3 teaspoons of borax, and the last two jars had 4 tea (this means that you had 2 trials for each variable; this does not match the data table you submitted
Glossary: (bold all these in research report!)
1. Borax (noun): a white, water-soluble powder or crystals, hydrated sodium borate, occurring naturally or obtained from naturally occurring borates.
2. Chemical reaction (noun): chemistry reaction
3. Crystalization (verb): Form/cause to form crystals
4. Crystal structure (noun):Formation of a consistent, repeating pattern of atoms
5. Crystal (noun): a clear, transparent mineral or glass resembling ice.
6. Molecules (noun):smallest physical unit of an element or compound, one or more like atoms in an element and two or more different atoms in a compound.
7. Nucleation (verb):Physical reaction that happens when a solution starts to precipitate
8. Particles (noun): one of the extremely small constituents of matter, as an atom or nucleus.
9. Solubility(noun): the quality or property of being soluble; dissolved.(This was not used in your research report!)
10. Recrystalization (verb): to become crystallized again. (This was not used in your research report!)
Works Cited (add a space after end marks; periods go inside quotation marks; only include works that you quoted in research report)
Campbell, A. and H. “How Do Crystals Form?” 2011. Kiwi Web Chemistry and New Zealand.
http://www.chemistry.co.nz/crystals_forming.htm.
Gutierrez-Mazzotti, C. “How Do Crystals Form and What Are Some Scientific Uses of Crystals?” USCB Science Line. National Science Foundation & UCSB School-University. No date available.
Zealand. http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=1229.
Helmenstine, A. “How To Grow Great Crystals.” 2013. About.com
http://chemistry.about.com/cs/growingcrystals/a/aa012604.htm.
Jaycee."Crystals Throughout History".Amplify Your Power.Power Treasures.2009.
http://powertreasuresonline.com/index.php/crystalhistory
Johnson, S. “How are Crystals Formed on Earth?” 2011.
http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5192423_crystals-formed-earth_.html.
Leverett, M. “How Borax Crystals Form- Borax Crystal Growth Explanation.” 2013.About.com.http://laundry.about.com/od/boraxcrafts/qt/how-borax-crystals-form-borax-crystals-form-borax-crystals-growth-explanation.html.
Moss, B. “Crystals.” Golden Cup Café. No date available.
http://goldencupcafe.tripod.com/index.html.
Neorr, R. “About Borax Crystals.” 2013. eHow.com.http://ehow.com/abou_4672509_borax-crystals.html.
No author available. “Science for Kids: Crystals.” March 2013. Duckster. Technological Solutions, Inc.(TSI).http://ducksters.com/science/crystals.php.
Stuart, A. “What Are Borax Crystals Used For?” 2013. eHow.com. http://www.ehow.com/info_8364279_borax-crystals-used.html
Rubric for 2e.
What section is Chris responsible for?see chart below, or headings of things.
Use intext citations to support facts.
person in charge of.....-Zehra
Rubric for 2f- deadline extended to 4/30
You will get Tuesday class time (4/30) to make any additional revisions.
Must use 3rd person AND in-text citations for Purpose, History, Process, & Applications paragraphs.
You will get class time (4/30 & 5/2) to make additional revisions to your wikispace page.