ABSTRACT
This project led us to learn many things about candles. We wanted to know if colored candles and regular white candles burn at a different rate. By doing this experiment we bought five candles each with a different color. In total we had 25 candles! We set up the materials and started doing the experiment by setting each candles separately and using a lighter to light each of the 5 candles wick. Then mark the stopping point of the candle by cutting the wick of the candles to only 2 cms. As we lit the wick of the candle, we turned on the stop watch and starting timing. We observed each of the candles and approximately they all burned within 9 minutes. We noticed the blue and red candles were burning 12 seconds faster than the other candles. We repeated these steps 5 times and found out they all burn at the same rate, but some of the trials were 3- 15 seconds faster than the last. We came to a conclusion that all candle wicks that are all the same length, they will all burn at the same rate because the color of the candle does not effect the burn rate of the wick. The burning rate is determined by the combustion of the wick,not the dye of the candle.
PURPOSE (use 3rd person)
The purpose of our experiment is to observe if candles burn at a different rate depending color of the wax. The reason for this experiment is to understand if candles burn at different rates.People should care about this experiment or even recognize it because since candles are no longer a major light source, people really take candles for granted now a days.Our group wanted people to realize how long a candles fire can last when ignited and how useful they still are to society .Since candles are now used for home decoration or religious ceremonies you can say that candles are not used as a major light source. For this reason our group wanted to see if candles are still effective as a light source and depending on the color of the wax, how long that the flame will last. Fisher, D. "History and Types of Candle Wicks." 2013. About.com. http://candleandsoap.about.com/od/basicinstructions/a/History-And-Types-Of-Candle-Wicks.htm
HISTORY
Candle making was developed in many places throughout history. They were made by whale fat or blubber during the Qin Dyansty. The creator's of the candle have never been known. The earliest form of candles dates back to the 300 BC. They were used as a major light source and a form of heat and energy to people back then. The eulachon or "candle fish" is a fish found from Oregon to Alaska. A simple candle could be made by putting the dried fish on a forked stick and then lighting it. This simple technique was used by the early Europeans and many others.In the 19th century, candle makers also began to fashion wicks out of braided strands of cotton which usually are 2 inches long.This technique makes wicks curl over as the flame burn the wick, keeping the height of the wick and the flame of the candle. No Author. "History of candle making." 2013 . Wikipedia. Wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_candle_making
The first American colonists discovered that bayberries could be used to make candles, but this method was very poor. Fifteen pounds of boiled bayberries would provide only one pound of wax which was not successful, because 10lbs of berries would only make 2 candles which weight only 1lb each. Despite advances in candle making, it rapidly declined as new inventions such like the light bulb appeared. Summers, A. " Where did bayberry candles originate from? No Author . "The History of Candles." 2013. Alleghenycandles. http://www.alleghenycandles.com/bayberry_candles.html
PROCESS
What makes candle to burn? When you light the wick on the candle, the wicks heats up the wax to make it melt/burn."This liquid wax is drawn up the wick by capillary action, getting hotter and hotter until it turns into a gas. Candles are usually put in places that need light, candles burn in certain amount of time, different candles burn in different amount of time and different mass makes it burn in different times. When you light up the candle, the wick will slowly melt, then the heat melts the wax. Once it gets hotter and hotter, it turns into gas. This gas mixes with oxygen in the air and is ignited by the flame that melted the wax in the first place.The liquid wax is vaporized by the flame's heat. The vaporized was mixed with oxygen, it burns and releases more heat keeping the cycle going. Kirby, G . "What makes a candle burn. " 2013. ScienceIQ.http://www.scienceiq.com/Facts/CandleLight.cfm APPLICATION Candles are slowly disappearing from our world, more sources of power, electricity, and solar power are being added which destroys the whole purpose of candles. They may still be use for religion and decoration purposes, but may never be used as a major light source like back then. Since candles are not used for the same reasons as back then, they may still be use for ceremonies and home decoration.Today candles are use as a decorative item rather than a source of light. They are commonly used for practice in a religion. Even though candles were a major light source back then, they are still used today for many other reasons besides as a light sources, for example candles are now used for birthday cakes, religious ceremony , or simply just for decoration and the smell of candles. Susquehanna, C. "12 Interesting Facts To Know About Candles." 2013. Pioneer Thinking. http://www.pioneerthinking.com/crafts/crafts-candles/sc_candlefacts.html
GLOSSARY
1. Candle -usually molded or dipped mass of wax or tallow containing a wick that may be burned
2. Capillary attraction - the force of adhesion between a solid and liquid in capillarity
3. Combustion - an act or instance of burning
4. Chandler - a maker or seller of tallow or wax candles and usually soap
5. Dye - color of dyeing
6. Flame - the glowing gaseous part of a fire
7. Ignite - subject to fire or intense heat
8. Wax -any of numerous substances of plant or animal origin that differ from fats in being less greasy, harder, and more brittle and in containing principally compounds of high molecular weight
9. Wicks -a bundle of fibers or a loosely twisted, braided, or woven cord, tape, or tube usually of soft spun cotton threads that by capillary attraction draws up to be burned a steady supply of the oil in lamps or the melted tallow or wax in candles
10. Vaporize - to convert (as by the application of heat or by spraying) into vapor
WORK CITED (all of these need to cited in the text above, if not remove)
Do white candles burn faster than colored candles?
HYPOTHESIS
If colored candles and regular white candles are both lit at the same time, the colored candles would burn at a much slower rate then the regular white candle .
MATERIALS
5 white candles
5 red candles
5 blue candles
5 green candles
5 yellow candles
1 lighter
1 ruler
1 candle stand
1 black marker
1 scissor
1 camera
ANALYSIS
We learned that most candles burn at the same rate even though they are different color. Depending on the size of the candles, they would probably burn for at least 9 minutes if the wick of the candle is only 2cm.
PROCEDURE
1). Set the 5 colored candles 4 cm apart using a candle stand
2). Mark the line by 2 cm by the wick of each candle and cut each of the wick with scissors to match each of the wicks length
3). Light them at the same time
4). Start timing by using the stopwatch by how long before the candles burn out.
5). Stop timing when the mark on the candle was gone and observe and take pictures with our camera
6) Repeat for at least 5 trials for each color.
VARIABLES
INDEPENDENT: Color of the candle
DEPENDENT: Burning rate of the candle
CONTROL: Length of the candle, wick of the candle, indoor
CONCLUSION
While learning about candles we had done an experiment on how white candles can be burn at a faster rate than colored candles. Our hypothesis was that colored candles would burn slower than the white candles because the color of the wax would add more weight to the candle causing it to burn at a slower rate. Surprisingly our hypothesis was incorrect, that colored candles would burn slower than the white candles. By confirming this hypothesis we search up the internet and it was confirmed that it does not matter what color the candles are, they will all still burn at the same rate. We can improve this experiment by doing more trials and have a more accurate timer to be exactly sure on the time.
REFLECTION
After all the typing, writing, and experiments we finally know a lot about candles. We know how they were made, how they were used, and how they can be a tiny importance of life. Candles has helped the society a lot by showing the light from the darkness and the smell of many different kinds of nature life.
After doing the experiment we realize how the candles can be used as an effective source of light. Since the wicks of the candles were only 2 cms they lasted at most 8 minutes. The candles came with a wick which was 10 cm! If the candles were not cut they would at least lasted 40 minutes. After we finished out experiment, our group realized that Candles are still an outstanding source of light.
Rubric for 2f- deadline extended to 4/30
You will get Tuesday class time (4/30) to make any additional revisions.
Must use 3rd person AND in-text citations for Purpose, History, Process, & Applications paragraphs.
Pts. Earned
Pts. Possible
Abstract (Q1-2)
4.5
5
Purpose
3
5
History
3
5
Process
3
5
Applications (Formerly Future)
3.5
5
Reflection (about research AND lab)
3
5
Glossary
3.5
5
Works Cited
3.5
5
Total
27
40
Rubric for 5-6ab- deadline 5/3
You will get class time (4/30 & 5/2) to make additional revisions to your wikispace page.
This project led us to learn many things about candles. We wanted to know if colored candles and regular white candles burn at a different rate. By doing this experiment we bought five candles each with a different color. In total we had 25 candles! We set up the materials and started doing the experiment by setting each candles separately and using a lighter to light each of the 5 candles wick. Then mark the stopping point of the candle by cutting the wick of the candles to only 2 cms. As we lit the wick of the candle, we turned on the stop watch and starting timing. We observed each of the candles and approximately they all burned within 9 minutes. We noticed the blue and red candles were burning 12 seconds faster than the other candles. We repeated these steps 5 times and found out they all burn at the same rate, but some of the trials were 3- 15 seconds faster than the last. We came to a conclusion that all candle wicks that are all the same length, they will all burn at the same rate because the color of the candle does not effect the burn rate of the wick. The burning rate is determined by the combustion of the wick,not the dye of the candle.
PURPOSE (use 3rd person)
The purpose of our experiment is to observe if candles burn at a different rate depending color of the wax. The reason for this experiment is to understand if candles burn at different rates.People should care about this experiment or even recognize it because since candles are no longer a major light source, people really take candles for granted now a days.Our group wanted people to realize how long a candles fire can last when ignited and how useful they still are to society .Since candles are now used for home decoration or religious ceremonies you can say that candles are not used as a major light source. For this reason our group wanted to see if candles are still effective as a light source and depending on the color of the wax, how long that the flame will last. Fisher, D. "History and Types of Candle Wicks." 2013. About.com. http://candleandsoap.about.com/od/basicinstructions/a/History-And-Types-Of-Candle-Wicks.htm
HISTORY
Candle making was developed in many places throughout history. They were made by whale fat or blubber during the Qin Dyansty. The creator's of the candle have never been known. The earliest form of candles dates back to the 300 BC. They were used as a major light source and a form of heat and energy to people back then. The eulachon or "candle fish" is a fish found from Oregon to Alaska. A simple candle could be made by putting the dried fish on a forked stick and then lighting it. This simple technique was used by the early Europeans and many others.In the 19th century, candle makers also began to fashion wicks out of braided strands of cotton which usually are 2 inches long.This technique makes wicks curl over as the flame burn the wick, keeping the height of the wick and the flame of the candle. No Author. "History of candle making." 2013 . Wikipedia. Wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_candle_making
The first American colonists discovered that bayberries could be used to make candles, but this method was very poor. Fifteen pounds of boiled bayberries would provide only one pound of wax which was not successful, because 10lbs of berries would only make 2 candles which weight only 1lb each. Despite advances in candle making, it rapidly declined as new inventions such like the light bulb appeared. Summers, A. " Where did bayberry candles originate from? No Author . "The History of Candles." 2013. Alleghenycandles. http://www.alleghenycandles.com/bayberry_candles.html
PROCESS
What makes candle to burn? When you light the wick on the candle, the wicks heats up the wax to make it melt/burn."This liquid wax is drawn up the wick by capillary action, getting hotter and hotter until it turns into a gas. Candles are usually put in places that need light, candles burn in certain amount of time, different candles burn in different amount of time and different mass makes it burn in different
times. When you light up the candle, the wick will slowly melt, then the heat melts the wax. Once it gets hotter and hotter, it turns into gas. This gas mixes with oxygen in the air and is ignited by the flame that melted the wax in the first place.The liquid wax is vaporized by the flame's heat. The vaporized was mixed with oxygen, it burns and releases more heat keeping the cycle going. Kirby, G . "What makes a candle burn. " 2013. ScienceIQ.http://www.scienceiq.com/Facts/CandleLight.cfm
APPLICATION
Candles are slowly disappearing from our world, more sources of power, electricity, and solar power are being added which destroys the whole purpose of candles. They may still be use for religion and decoration purposes, but may never be used as a major light source like back then. Since candles are not used for the same reasons as back then, they may still be use for ceremonies and home decoration.Today candles are use as a decorative item rather than a source of light. They are commonly used for practice in a religion. Even though candles were a major light source back then, they are still used today for many other reasons besides as a light sources, for example candles are now used for birthday cakes, religious ceremony , or simply just for decoration and the smell of candles. Susquehanna, C. "12 Interesting Facts To Know About Candles." 2013. Pioneer Thinking.
http://www.pioneerthinking.com/crafts/crafts-candles/sc_candlefacts.html
GLOSSARY
1. Candle -usually molded or dipped mass of wax or tallow containing a wick that may be burned
2. Capillary attraction - the force of adhesion between a solid and liquid in capillarity
3. Combustion - an act or instance of burning
4. Chandler - a maker or seller of tallow or wax candles and usually soap
5. Dye - color of dyeing
6. Flame - the glowing gaseous part of a fire
7. Ignite - subject to fire or intense heat
8. Wax -any of numerous substances of plant or animal origin that differ from fats in being less greasy, harder, and more brittle and in containing principally compounds of high molecular weight
9. Wicks -a bundle of fibers or a loosely twisted, braided, or woven cord, tape, or tube usually of soft spun cotton threads that by capillary attraction draws up to be burned a steady supply of the oil in lamps or the melted tallow or wax in candles
10. Vaporize - to convert (as by the application of heat or by spraying) into vapor
WORK CITED (all of these need to cited in the text above, if not remove)
Fisher, D. "History and Types of Candle Wicks." 2013. About.com. http://candleandsoap.about.com/od/basicinstructions/a/History-And-Types-Of-Candle-Wicks.htm
Howard, M. "How to make a wooden wick candle." 2001. LoneStarCandleSupply.com. http://www.lonestarcandlesupply.com/candle-making/guides/how-to-make-wooden-wick-candles/
NO AUTHOR. "About Candles." 2013. General Wax and Company. http://www.generalwax.com/candle-making/about-candles.php
NO AUTHOR. "Helpful Candle Hints." 2006. Southern Candles. http://www.southerncandles.com/store/WsAncillary.asp?ID=5
Susquehanna , C. "12 Interesting Facts To Know About Candles." 2013. Pioneer Thinking. http://www.pioneerthinking.com/crafts/crafts-candles/sc_candlefacts.html
Comments:
Need to add intext citations
Rubric for 2e.
Your Points
Total Points
Purpose
4
5
History
3
5
Process
3
5
Future (Current Applications)
4
5
Glossary (10, abc)
5
5
Works Cited
5
5
Total
24
30
PROBLEM
Do white candles burn faster than colored candles?
HYPOTHESIS
If colored candles and regular white candles are both lit at the same time, the colored candles would burn at a much slower rate then the regular white candle .
MATERIALS
5 white candles
5 red candles
5 blue candles
5 green candles
5 yellow candles
1 lighter
1 ruler
1 candle stand
1 black marker
1 scissor
1 camera
ANALYSIS
We learned that most candles burn at the same rate even though they are different color. Depending on the size of the candles, they would probably burn for at least 9 minutes if the wick of the candle is only 2cm.
PROCEDURE
1). Set the 5 colored candles 4 cm apart using a candle stand
2). Mark the line by 2 cm by the wick of each candle and cut each of the wick with scissors to match each of the wicks length
3). Light them at the same time
4). Start timing by using the stopwatch by how long before the candles burn out.
5). Stop timing when the mark on the candle was gone and observe and take pictures with our camera
6) Repeat for at least 5 trials for each color.
VARIABLES
INDEPENDENT: Color of the candle
DEPENDENT: Burning rate of the candle
CONTROL: Length of the candle, wick of the candle, indoor
CONCLUSION
While learning about candles we had done an experiment on how white candles can be burn at a faster rate than colored candles. Our hypothesis was that colored candles would burn slower than the white candles because the color of the wax would add more weight to the candle causing it to burn at a slower rate. Surprisingly our hypothesis was incorrect, that colored candles would burn slower than the white candles. By confirming this hypothesis we search up the internet and it was confirmed that it does not matter what color the candles are, they will all still burn at the same rate. We can improve this experiment by doing more trials and have a more accurate timer to be exactly sure on the time.
REFLECTION
After all the typing, writing, and experiments we finally know a lot about candles. We know how they were made, how they were used, and how they can be a tiny importance of life. Candles has helped the society a lot by showing the light from the darkness and the smell of many different kinds of nature life.
After doing the experiment we realize how the candles can be used as an effective source of light. Since the wicks of the candles were only 2 cms they lasted at most 8 minutes. The candles came with a wick which was 10 cm! If the candles were not cut they would at least lasted 40 minutes. After we finished out experiment, our group realized that Candles are still an outstanding source of light.
Rubric for 2f- deadline extended to 4/30
You will get Tuesday class time (4/30) to make any additional revisions.
Must use 3rd person AND in-text citations for Purpose, History, Process, & Applications paragraphs.
Pts. Earned
Pts. Possible
Abstract (Q1-2)
4.5
5
Purpose
3
5
History
3
5
Process
3
5
Applications (Formerly Future)
3.5
5
Reflection (about research AND lab)
3
5
Glossary
3.5
5
Works Cited
3.5
5
Total
27
40
Rubric for 5-6ab- deadline 5/3
You will get class time (4/30 & 5/2) to make additional revisions to your wikispace page.
Pts. Earned
Pts. Possible
Abstract (Q1-4)
4.5
5
Problem
5
5
Hypothesis
3.5
5
Variables (3)
4
5
Materials
3.5
5
Procedure
3.5
5
Data Table
0
5
Graph
0
5
Analysis
4
5
Conclusion
4
5
Total
32
50