Abstract:(Sandy) This purpose of this experiment is to find out if homemade, environmental cleaning solutions can clean as well as store bought cleaning solutions. Discovering how harmful store bought cleaning solutions affect our environment is very surprising. Companies that make cleaning solutions use chemicals in the solutions. It doesn't just hurt the environment but also the people. We researched how vinegar and other materials could substitute the in cleaning sprays. We found out that it’s safer and non-toxic as some chemicals. Some types of chemicals are phosphorus and nitrogen that are dangerous and could be used inside store bought sprays. Ammonia and detergent is also a type of chemical used in store bought sprays but it isn't toxic like some. For our special homemade cleaning spray, we basically just mixed vinegar, soap, and water together in a spray bottle. Then we started testing our cleaning spray (Eco Spray) and store bought spray (Lysol) to see which one cleans better. Then we’re going to be cleaning with the sprays on a specific area on a table for 5 trials. After doing the 5 trials, we rate each paper towel on the dirtiness which we used to test the cleaning solutions. We knew that the Lysol would've worked well but we didn't expect that our spray would almost reach its level; how it was able to clean so well. It was quite surprising. At the end, the Lysol spray won. It had collected more dirt than our homemade cleaning spray. Although it had won, our cleaning spray could have had a chance. It just couldn't pick up as much dirt as the Lysol spray.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:(Sandy) During the process of this project, we got lots of help and support from our parents. They had brought us places to buy the supplies and helped us with the process of the experiment. Not only our parents but also from Ms. Hong and her continuous help on guiding us to make our project proper. She not only guided us but helped mostly on our research, graphs and charts, and advice for the specific things in our project/experiment. We also want to thank Ms. Colman-Hsu for providing us paper towels which we needed dearly. Those are the people we want to give special thanks to for all the support, advice, and help throughout this whole project. Without them we wouldn't have gotten our project finished. Thank you for everything.
Purpose:(Sandy and Julie)
The purpose of this experiment was to discover how homemade cleaning spray is better than store bought cleaning spray. Because store bought cleaning sprays could be lethal, not only to the environment, but also to people. It could effect animals and other living organism. Vinegar and other solutions could substitute the chemicals that are in store bought cleaning sprays. The solutions that could substitute the chemicals are eco-friendly to the environment and human beings. People think that vinegar doesn't have a pleasant smell, but in the end, it was found that it can kill tons of different bacteria. Vinegar isn't just a cooking ingredient, but also a wonderful cleaning supply (Americas,2013).
History:(Sandy and Julie) One of the first people who used vinegar is the one and only Cleopatra, an Egyptian queen. Legend has it that Cleopatra used vinegar to win a bet (Ptolemy, 2013). The bet was that she could consume a meal worth a huge amount of money. It is said that she filled a valuable pearl full of vinegar and at the end of every meal she would consume a pearl full of vinegar (Diggs and Moore, 2010). After consuming the last meal she won the bet. Vinegar could be used as an healthy acid that could help with digestion. She won the bet because she consumed vinegar which could be used as a digestive medicine. Vinegar has many wonders, not just for cooking and cleaning. Another person to first use vinegar was a Greek physician and writer, known as the father of medicine. He dipped bread into vinegar as a remedy for infections and wounds.
It is like a antibiotic for disinfection or antiseptic (Diggs and Moore, 2010). Vinegar was also revealed as a beverage. It was likely diluted and sweetened. Vinegar was used for therapeutic qualities. The Greek physician and writer prescribed drinking vinegar to his patients for many ailments (Ptolemy,2013). Not only that, it could also preserve things such as foods.
Process:(Hillary and Cindy)
Vinegar is used for many things; cleaning specifically (Bauers,2013). During the process of making the spray (home made spray), it is concluded that you could control what you put inside. For example, take make your solution more effective, add more vinegar to your solution. In addition, vinegar gets rid of all tough stains and even prehistoric rust. If there was a wine stain, you could use vinegar to clean up the mess.
Not only is vinegar edible, it could also be really handy around the house too. Vinegar is used to clean counters, floors, or windows and is the most multipurpose condiments in the world! (Americas, 2013).The sparks behind the magic is its acidic ph level (Orphardt, 2013). Researchers found that vinegar's ph level is 2, which means it is acidic. The acid cleans all the nasty, dirty bacteria off your surface and leaves you with a squeaky clean counter.
Future applications: (Hillary and Cindy)
The group thought that in the future people could add other eco-friendly products with vinegar to make it more productive. By adding more products, it could help the eco-friendly solution and improve it. For instance, you could add apple cider vinegar to your solution (Diggs, 2012). According to Web MD, apple cider vinegar is the cure to everything. It is very healthy for you and may be just as useful as white vinegar. By adding apple cider vinegar and white vinegar together, both their uses can be strong.The group could both help each other out. If you choose to re-conduct this experiment, you could do further studies and add more ingredients.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:(Sandy)
Will homemade cleaning spray be more effective than a store bought cleaning spray (Lysol)?
HYPOTHESIS:(Cindy)
If Eco Spray is compared to the Lysol spray, then the Eco Spray will be more effective.
EXPERIMENTATION:
Variables: (Cindy)
Independent variable: Types of cleaning sprays.
Dependent variable: Rate of dirtiness on napkin.
Controlling variable: Shape/size of napkin, dirtiness of surface, amount of sprays on each table.
Materials:(Hillary)
1 bottle of vinegar
1 bottle of water
1 spray bottle
1 bottle of Lysol spray
Measuring cup
1 bottle of hand soap
2 pieces of pH paper
10 pieces of paper towels
Procedure:(Hillary)
1. Gather all material: Vinegar, spray bottle, a water bottle, measuring cup, hand soap, Lysol spray, and pH paper.
To make Eco Spray:
a. Pour 1 cup of hand soap in the spray bottle.
b. Pour 1 or 1 half cup of vinegar in the same bottle.
c. Fill the rest of the bottle with water. (Leave half an inch empty)
Optional: Add borax and/or lemon oil for scent.
d. Shake the spray bottle(Eco Spray) well until all the ingredients are mixed/combined together.
2. Test about 2 teaspoons of both Lysol Spray and Eco Spray with pH paper.
3. Test both products on a dirty table, about 4-5 teaspoons.(sprays)
4. Wipe the middle section of 5 tables using a new paper towel each time.
5. Record dirtiness of each towel on a scale of 1-5. 1 is cleanest, 5 is dirtiest.
Analysis:(Sandy) (add numbers from data table & graph)
One of the group members recorded what she observed while the other two members was conducting the experiment. Another group member was taking pictures of what she had observed. The Lysol had special materials in it such as unknown chemicals unlike our homemade cleaning spray. While observing the process of the experiment, you could see that the Lysol spray was collecting more dirt than the homemade cleaning spray. How? The group member that recorded the findings rated with the group how dirty each paper towel was. In the first trial both the Lysol and the homemade spray had the same rate of dirtiness,3. In the second trial the homemade spray had a rate of 2 while the Lysol had a rate of 5. For the third and fourth trial the homemade spray was close by one rate score, it had a rate of 4 while the Lysol had a rate of 5 again. In the fifth trial the homemade spray had finally beat the Lysol spray by one rate score, the homemade spray had a rate of 4 while the Lysol had a rate of 3. At the end the group members concluded that the Lysol had won the battle with the homemade cleaning spray to see which spray cleans better.
Conclusion: (Cindy)
In conclusion, we found out that the lysol spray was more effective than our eco-spray. Our hypothesis was unfortunately incorrect. However, the eco-spray was not as effective because we needed more soap. In the future, if we added more soap, it would make our solution more efficient and easier to clean. The lysol spray was less eco-friendly because it had already contained chemicals, which made it harmful to the environment. An error we made was the measurements. If we had made our measurements more precise, then our eco spray probably would've turned out more effective. (errors? next steps?)
Reflection:
During our research, Hillary had a very fun experience learning new things. She found a lot of information about vinegar and learned many things about cleaning solutions. Researching, Hillary found that vinegar not only got rid of dirt, but tough stains including rust. Hillary did a lot of research, because learning new things was a adventure to her. Sandy had discovered many new things that she had never knew. She found out that there are very scary things in cleaning solution such as the chemicals in them that would also lead to death. Sandy also learned a lot form researching the historical facts that left her surprised. She was surprised that even the most famous historians also used vinegar. She had a great time learning many things while researching.
During the experiment, we gained a lot of information. For example, not all of us knew that vinegar was used to clean surfaces and that they had a high pH level. Cindy thought that vinegar's pH level was 3, but it was actually 2 (Orphardt,2013). Not only did conducting this experiment expand our knowledge, but it also entertained us for fun. Julie helped with measuring each solution and had a lot of fun taking pictures and Hillary got to help Sandy record the observations while Cindy helped with the solution and labels. Julie had a hard time with the graphs and data tables but with the help of Sandy, she got to understand and get it done. Julie learned about how vinegar is such a great cleaning solution and how it makes the world a safe and better world. Everyone had an amazing experience by learning about cleaning solutions and the chemical reaction the sprays create.
Glossary:(Sandy) 1.Ammonia: a colorless, pungent, suffocating, highly water-soluble, gaseous compound, NH 3, usually produced by the direct combination of nitrogen and hydrogen gases: used chiefly for refrigeration and in the manufacture of commercial chemicals and laboratory reagents.
2.Antibiotic: any of a large group of chemical substances, as penicillin or streptomycin, produced by various microorganisms and fungi, having the capacity in dilutes solutions to inhibit the growth of or to destroy bacteria and other microorganisms, used chiefly in the treatment of infectious diseases.
3.Antiseptic: free from or cleaned of germs and other microorganisms.
4.Chemical: a substance produced by or used in a chemical process.
5.Chemical Reaction: A process in which atoms of the same or different elements rearrange themselves to form a new substance. While they do so, they either absorb heat or give it off.
6.Detergent: any of a group of synthetic, organic, liquid or water-soluble cleaning agents that, unlike soap, are not prepared from fats and oils, is not inactivated by hard water, and has wetting-agent and emulsifying-agent properties.
7.Multipurpose: able to be used for several purposes: a multipurpose lawn spray.
8.Nitrogen: a colorless, odorless, gaseous element that constitutes about four-fifths of the volume of the atmosphere and is present in combined form in animal and vegetable tissues, especially in proteins: used chiefly in the manufacture of ammonia, nitric acid, cyanide, explosives, fertilizer, dyes, as a cooling agent, etc. Symbol: N; atomic weight: 14.0067; atomic number: 7; density: 1.2506 g/l at 0°C and 760 mm pressure.
9.Preservative: something that preserves or tends to preserve, esp. a chemical added to foods to inhibit decomposition.
10.Phosphorus: a solid, nonmetallic element existing in at least three allotropic forms, one that is yellow, poisonous, flammable, and luminous in the dark, one that is red, less poisonous, and less flammable, and another that is black, insoluble in most solvents, and the least flammable. The element is used in forming smoke screens, its compounds are used in matches and phosphate fertilizers, and it is a necessary constituent of plant and animal life in bones, nerves, and embryos. Symbol: P; atomic weight: 30.974; atomic number: 15; specific gravity: (yellow) 1.82 at 20°C, (red) 2.20 at 20°C, (black) 2.25–2.69 at 20°C.
Work Cited:(Hillary)
Americas, M. "Vinegar Tips." 1001 uses for white distilled vinegar. N.p., n.d. Web.
Rubric for 2f- deadline extended to 4/30 You will get Tuesday class time (4/30) to make any additional revisions. Must use 3rd person AND in-text citations for Purpose, History, Process, & Applications paragraphs.
Pts. Earned
Pts. Possible
Abstract (Q1-2)
4.5
5
Purpose
4
5
History
3.5
5
Process
3.5
5
Applications (Formerly Future)
3.5
5
Reflection (about research AND lab)
3.5
5
Glossary
3.5
5
Works Cited
3
5
Total
29
40
Rubric for 5-6ab- deadline 5/3 You will get class time (4/30 & 5/2) to make additional revisions to your wikispace page.
This purpose of this experiment is to find out if homemade, environmental cleaning solutions can clean as well as store bought cleaning solutions. Discovering how harmful store bought cleaning solutions affect our environment is very surprising. Companies that make cleaning solutions use chemicals in the solutions. It doesn't just hurt the environment but also the people. We researched how vinegar and other materials could substitute the in cleaning sprays. We found out that it’s safer and non-toxic as some chemicals. Some types of chemicals are phosphorus and nitrogen that are dangerous and could be used inside store bought sprays. Ammonia and detergent is also a type of chemical used in store bought sprays but it isn't toxic like some. For our special homemade cleaning spray, we basically just mixed vinegar, soap, and water together in a spray bottle. Then we started testing our cleaning spray (Eco Spray) and store bought spray (Lysol) to see which one cleans better. Then we’re going to be cleaning with the sprays on a specific area on a table for 5 trials. After doing the 5 trials, we rate each paper towel on the dirtiness which we used to test the cleaning solutions. We knew that the Lysol would've worked well but we didn't expect that our spray would almost reach its level; how it was able to clean so well. It was quite surprising. At the end, the Lysol spray won. It had collected more dirt than our homemade cleaning spray. Although it had won, our cleaning spray could have had a chance. It just couldn't pick up as much dirt as the Lysol spray.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:(Sandy)
During the process of this project, we got lots of help and support from our parents. They had brought us places to buy the supplies and helped us with the process of the experiment. Not only our parents but also from Ms. Hong and her continuous help on guiding us to make our project proper. She not only guided us but helped mostly on our research, graphs and charts, and advice for the specific things in our project/experiment. We also want to thank Ms. Colman-Hsu for providing us paper towels which we needed dearly. Those are the people we want to give special thanks to for all the support, advice, and help throughout this whole project. Without them we wouldn't have gotten our project finished. Thank you for everything.
Purpose:(Sandy and Julie)
The purpose of this experiment was to discover how homemade cleaning spray is better than store bought cleaning spray. Because store bought cleaning sprays could be lethal, not only to the environment, but also to people. It could effect animals and other living organism. Vinegar and other solutions could substitute the chemicals that are in store bought cleaning sprays. The solutions that could substitute the chemicals are eco-friendly to the environment and human beings. People think that vinegar doesn't have a pleasant smell, but in the end, it was found that it can kill tons of different bacteria. Vinegar isn't just a cooking ingredient, but also a wonderful cleaning supply (Americas,2013).
History:(Sandy and Julie)
One of the first people who used vinegar is the one and only Cleopatra, an Egyptian queen. Legend has it that Cleopatra used vinegar to win a bet (Ptolemy, 2013). The bet was that she could consume a meal worth a huge amount of money. It is said that she filled a valuable pearl full of vinegar and at the end of every meal she would consume a pearl full of vinegar (Diggs and Moore, 2010). After consuming the last meal she won the bet. Vinegar could be used as an healthy acid that could help with digestion. She won the bet because she consumed vinegar which could be used as a digestive medicine.
Vinegar has many wonders, not just for cooking and cleaning. Another person to first use vinegar was a Greek physician and writer, known as the father of medicine. He dipped bread into vinegar as a remedy for infections and wounds.
It is like a antibiotic for disinfection or antiseptic (Diggs and Moore, 2010). Vinegar was also revealed as a beverage. It was likely diluted and sweetened. Vinegar was used for therapeutic qualities. The Greek physician and writer prescribed drinking vinegar to his patients for many ailments (Ptolemy,2013). Not only that, it could also preserve things such as foods.
Process:(Hillary and Cindy)
Vinegar is used for many things; cleaning specifically (Bauers,2013). During the process of making the spray (home made spray), it is concluded that you could control what you put inside. For example, take make your solution more effective, add more vinegar to your solution. In addition, vinegar gets rid of all tough stains and even prehistoric rust. If there was a wine stain, you could use vinegar to clean up the mess.
Not only is vinegar edible, it could also be really handy around the house too. Vinegar is used to clean counters, floors, or windows and is the most multipurpose condiments in the world! (Americas, 2013).The sparks behind the magic is its acidic ph level (Orphardt, 2013). Researchers found that vinegar's ph level is 2, which means it is acidic. The acid cleans all the nasty, dirty bacteria off your surface and leaves you with a squeaky clean counter.
Future applications: (Hillary and Cindy)
The group thought that in the future people could add other eco-friendly products with vinegar to make it more productive. By adding more products, it could help the eco-friendly solution and improve it. For instance, you could add apple cider vinegar to your solution (Diggs, 2012). According to Web MD, apple cider vinegar is the cure to everything. It is very healthy for you and may be just as useful as white vinegar. By adding apple cider vinegar and white vinegar together, both their uses can be strong.The group could both help each other out. If you choose to re-conduct this experiment, you could do further studies and add more ingredients.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:(Sandy)
Will homemade cleaning spray be more effective than a store bought cleaning spray (Lysol)?
HYPOTHESIS:(Cindy)
If Eco Spray is compared to the Lysol spray, then the Eco Spray will be more effective.
EXPERIMENTATION:
Variables: (Cindy)
Independent variable: Types of cleaning sprays.
Dependent variable: Rate of dirtiness on napkin.
Controlling variable: Shape/size of napkin, dirtiness of surface, amount of sprays on each table.
Materials:(Hillary)
Procedure:(Hillary)
1. Gather all material: Vinegar, spray bottle, a water bottle, measuring cup, hand soap, Lysol spray, and pH paper.
To make Eco Spray:
a. Pour 1 cup of hand soap in the spray bottle.
b. Pour 1 or 1 half cup of vinegar in the same bottle.
c. Fill the rest of the bottle with water. (Leave half an inch empty)
Optional: Add borax and/or lemon oil for scent.
d. Shake the spray bottle(Eco Spray) well until all the ingredients are mixed/combined together.
2. Test about 2 teaspoons of both Lysol Spray and Eco Spray with pH paper.
3. Test both products on a dirty table, about 4-5 teaspoons.(sprays)
4. Wipe the middle section of 5 tables using a new paper towel each time.
5. Record dirtiness of each towel on a scale of 1-5. 1 is cleanest, 5 is dirtiest.
Analysis:(Sandy) (add numbers from data table & graph)
One of the group members recorded what she observed while the other two members was conducting the experiment. Another group member was taking pictures of what she had observed. The Lysol had special materials in it such as unknown chemicals unlike our homemade cleaning spray. While observing the process of the experiment, you could see that the Lysol spray was collecting more dirt than the homemade cleaning spray. How? The group member that recorded the findings rated with the group how dirty each paper towel was. In the first trial both the Lysol and the homemade spray had the same rate of dirtiness,3. In the second trial the homemade spray had a rate of 2 while the Lysol had a rate of 5. For the third and fourth trial the homemade spray was close by one rate score, it had a rate of 4 while the Lysol had a rate of 5 again. In the fifth trial the homemade spray had finally beat the Lysol spray by one rate score, the homemade spray had a rate of 4 while the Lysol had a rate of 3. At the end the group members concluded that the Lysol had won the battle with the homemade cleaning spray to see which spray cleans better.
Conclusion: (Cindy)
In conclusion, we found out that the lysol spray was more effective than our eco-spray. Our hypothesis was unfortunately incorrect. However, the eco-spray was not as effective because we needed more soap. In the future, if we added more soap, it would make our solution more efficient and easier to clean. The lysol spray was less eco-friendly because it had already contained chemicals, which made it harmful to the environment. An error we made was the measurements. If we had made our measurements more precise, then our eco spray probably would've turned out more effective. (errors? next steps?)
Reflection:
During our research, Hillary had a very fun experience learning new things. She found a lot of information about vinegar and learned many things about cleaning solutions. Researching, Hillary found that vinegar not only got rid of dirt, but tough stains including rust. Hillary did a lot of research, because learning new things was a adventure to her. Sandy had discovered many new things that she had never knew. She found out that there are very scary things in cleaning solution such as the chemicals in them that would also lead to death. Sandy also learned a lot form researching the historical facts that left her surprised. She was surprised that even the most famous historians also used vinegar. She had a great time learning many things while researching.
During the experiment, we gained a lot of information. For example, not all of us knew that vinegar was used to clean surfaces and that they had a high pH level. Cindy thought that vinegar's pH level was 3, but it was actually 2 (Orphardt,2013). Not only did conducting this experiment expand our knowledge, but it also entertained us for fun. Julie helped with measuring each solution and had a lot of fun taking pictures and Hillary got to help Sandy record the observations while Cindy helped with the solution and labels. Julie had a hard time with the graphs and data tables but with the help of Sandy, she got to understand and get it done. Julie learned about how vinegar is such a great cleaning solution and how it makes the world a safe and better world. Everyone had an amazing experience by learning about cleaning solutions and the chemical reaction the sprays create.
Glossary:(Sandy)
1.Ammonia: a colorless, pungent, suffocating, highly water-soluble, gaseous compound, NH 3, usually produced by the direct combination of nitrogen and hydrogen gases: used chiefly for refrigeration and in the manufacture of commercial chemicals and laboratory reagents.
2.Antibiotic: any of a large group of chemical substances, as penicillin or streptomycin, produced by various microorganisms and fungi, having the capacity in dilutes solutions to inhibit the growth of or to destroy bacteria and other microorganisms, used chiefly in the treatment of infectious diseases.
3.Antiseptic: free from or cleaned of germs and other microorganisms.
4.Chemical: a substance produced by or used in a chemical process.
5.Chemical Reaction: A process in which atoms of the same or different elements rearrange themselves to form a new substance. While they do so, they either absorb heat or give it off.
6.Detergent: any of a group of synthetic, organic, liquid or water-soluble cleaning agents that, unlike soap, are not prepared from fats and oils, is not inactivated by hard water, and has wetting-agent and emulsifying-agent properties.
7.Multipurpose: able to be used for several purposes: a multipurpose lawn spray.
8.Nitrogen: a colorless, odorless, gaseous element that constitutes about four-fifths of the volume of the atmosphere and is present in combined form in animal and vegetable tissues, especially in proteins: used chiefly in the manufacture of ammonia, nitric acid, cyanide, explosives, fertilizer, dyes, as a cooling agent, etc. Symbol: N; atomic weight: 14.0067; atomic number: 7; density: 1.2506 g/l at 0°C and 760 mm pressure.
9.Preservative: something that preserves or tends to preserve, esp. a chemical added to foods to inhibit decomposition.
10.Phosphorus: a solid, nonmetallic element existing in at least three allotropic forms, one that is yellow, poisonous, flammable, and luminous in the dark, one that is red, less poisonous, and less flammable, and another that is black, insoluble in most solvents, and the least flammable. The element is used in forming smoke screens, its compounds are used in matches and phosphate fertilizers, and it is a necessary constituent of plant and animal life in bones, nerves, and embryos. Symbol: P; atomic weight: 30.974; atomic number: 15; specific gravity: (yellow) 1.82 at 20°C, (red) 2.20 at 20°C, (black) 2.25–2.69 at 20°C.
Work Cited:(Hillary)
Americas, M. "Vinegar Tips." 1001 uses for white distilled vinegar. N.p., n.d. Web.
2 Mar 2013. <http://www.vinegartips.com/scripts/pageViewSec.asp?id=7>.
Bauers, S. "Philly." Stronger vinegar for greener cleaning. N.p., 26 2006.
Web. 2 Mar 2013. <http://articles.philly.com/2012-06-26/news/32409753_1_vinegar-natural-cleaning-products-alexandra-gorman-scranton>.
Diggs, L. and Moore, M. "The History of Vinegar." 2012. Vinegar Works Wonders.
http://www.vinegarworkswonders.com/history.asp
Orphardt, C. "Virtual Chembook." pH Scale. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Mar 2013.
<http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/184ph.html>.
Ptolemy, A. "A Brief History of Vinegar: The Remarkable Liquid." 2013. Yahoo! Inc.
http://voices.yahoo.com/a-brief-history-vinegar-remarkable-liquid-2457197.html?cat=37
Rubric for 2e.
Rubric for 2f- deadline extended to 4/30
You will get Tuesday class time (4/30) to make any additional revisions.
Must use 3rd person AND in-text citations for Purpose, History, Process, & Applications paragraphs.
Rubric for 5-6ab- deadline 5/3
You will get class time (4/30 & 5/2) to make additional revisions to your wikispace page.