The experiment investigated how the brand of newborn disposable diaper affected its absorbency. Disposable diapers are convenient for children to wear and must be absorbent in order to prevent accidents. The hypothesis stated that Pampers would have the best absorbency compared to Luvs and Huggies. The procedure used a small section of diaper and immersed it in a beaker containing 100 mL of water. After a short period of time, the diaper section was removed and after dripping ceased; the volume of water remaining in the beaker was subtracted from the starting volume in order to determine the amount absorbed. Data showed that Pampers were most absorbent and outperformed the other brands tested. In conclusion, to prevent leakage and liquid accidents, have your newborn wear Pampers.
Purpose: This project can help mothers spend less money on buying diapers that won’t give the best results in absorbency . by knowing which diaper is most absorbent. This will also help families in the household by saving 100 dollars. Finding the most absorbent diaper can help every household and assure mother’s there choice in buying diapers. This can help babies that wear diapers because they will have the best result of knowing which diapers is most absorbent and there would be no acciendents. When going out or shopping mother’s will feel more depentedned on checking there babies diapers often because they can trust that the leading diaper they choose will be affective History In the 19th century, the modern diaper began to take shape and mothers in many parts of the world used cotton material, held in place with a fastening—eventually the safety pin. Cloth diapers in the United States were first mass-produced in 1887 by Maria Allen. In the diapers were made out of terry toweling, often with an inner lining made out of soft muslin in 1946, Marion Donovan used a shower curtain from her bathroom to create the "Boater", a plastic cover to go outside a diaper. First sold in 1949 at Saks Fifth Avenue's flagship store in New York City, patents were later issued in 1951 to Donovan who later sold the rights to the waterproof diaper for $1 million. In 1947, a housewife in the UK, Valerie Hunter Gordon, started developing and making Paddi, a 2-part system of a disposable pad. She was very intrigued about producing a better diaper (nappies) Over the next few decades, the disposable diaper industry boomed and the competition between Procter & Gamble's Pampers and Kimberly Clark's Huggies resulted in lower prices and drastic changes to diaper design. They have helped many families with low income to get diapers needed for their babies Several improvements were made, such as the use of double gussets to improve diaper fit and containment. As stated in Procter & Gamble's initial 1973 patent for the use of double gussets in a diaper, they started producing diapers of refasten able tapes, the "hourglass shape" so as to reduce bulk at the crotch area, and the 1984 introduction of super-absorbent material from polymers known as sodium polyacrylate that were originally developed in 1966 Process: What ingredients in diapers cause absorbency? Describe the design of a diaper. Analysis: This project could help a new born no leak through their diaper. We tested what diaper can be most absorbent, by the most diaper that can hold the most amount of water.
In regards to experimental error, the only source of error may have come from some droplets of water remaining on the walls of the beaker that were not measured. To eliminate this error, the starting volume of water could be massed (100mL of water has a mass of 100g) and then the mass of water absorbed (after dripping had ceased) could be measured on an electronic balance. This would account for all water absorbed by the disposable diaper section.
New problems to investigate may be to determine the mass of sodium polyacrylate in each diaper brand or to examine the variations in thickness of this polymer in various locations of the diaper or perhaps examine how storage temperature affects the effectiveness of this polymerafter the diaper is manufactured.
Materials: · 5 Target brand newborn - use as control · 5 newborn Pampers · 5 newborn Huggies · 100 mL glass graduated cylinder · 250 mL glass beaker · Tap water · 1 stop watch · 1 pair of scissors · Permanent markers Hypothesis: If newborn Pampers are used, then they will be more absorbent than newborn target brand (up) or newborn Huggies because Pampers Problem: How would papmer absorb more water then huggies and target brand? Question: What is the effect of diaper brand absorbency? Variables · Independent Variable - Brand of diaper · Dependent Variable - water absorbed in milliliters (mL) · Control Variables - Same size disposable diaper (new born, 8-10 lbs); same size Procedure: From each type of newborn diaper, a graduated cylinder was filled with 100 mL of room temperature tap water. One of diaper was placed it into a container .A stop- watch was started, and timed for 30 seconds. At the end of 30 seconds, the diaper section was lifted slowly out of the water (by a corner) and excess water was allowed to drip back into the container. The diaper section was held over the beaker until the water stopped dripping. . The water that remained in the beaker was poured back into the graduated cylinder. The amount of water that was absorbed was recorded in mL. The same procedure was repeated until five trials have been done to for each newborn diaper brand.
Conclusion: The UP (target brand) newborn brand was used as a control. Following five trials, the amount of water absorbed shows that the control the data supports the hypothesis and the hypothesis has been accepted. Each data set from each trial also shows that Pampers was more absorbent than up (target brand) was more absorbent than Huggies. In each trial, the control was least absorbent. That is, absorbency is greatest in Pampers and least in Huggies, excluding the control. The overall trend when all trials are averaged shows that Pampers is the most absorbent followed by Luvs followed by Huggies. The results from repeated trials show the same outcome for the most absorbent brand and the least absorbent brand. All control variables were maintained and held the same all thought the experiment to make sure data was correctly in putted into data tables & graphs
Application:
This project can help parents save money by not having to buy a lot of diapers because the keep running out by leaking through.This project can also help people find the best brand of diaper they can use for there new born.Which in our experiment was Pampers. On google we found out that this girl tested several diapers and on of her diapers was Pampers. The diaper that absorb the greatest amount of water was Pampers too.(Wilson, 2000). This experiment was to determine what type of diaper has the best absorbency, brand or disposable.(Nelson,2008) Most of the diapers are made out of cotton and if people want to make there own is usually made out of cloth. Hopefully in the future scientists will make a diaper more absorbent than its now-a-days(Cruse,2012)
Rubric for 2e.
Your Points
Total Points
Purpose
4
5
History
1
5
Process
0
5
Future (Current Applications)
0
5
Glossary (10, abc)
0
5
Works Cited
0
5
Total
5
30
Reflection:
For this experiment we test out which diaper is most absorbent and it turned out that pampers was because pampers can hold the greatest amount of water. The (mL) number of water that pampers absorbed was 70-76. That was the highest rate we tested. The lowest was Target Brand(ups) the scale was 52-55.That was the lowest rate. Luvs and Huggies were almost the same amount. Luvs was 66-68 and Huggies was 62-66. What i thought was surprising is that, the most absorbent diaper was Pampers. Before testing it Target brand(ups) felt like it had more cotton than any other diaper so i thought Target brand was going to be most absorbent but my prediction was wrong. Also i thought the one that was going to absorb the lowest amount of water was Luvs. Well Huggies was the lowest was Huggies but the second to lowest was Luvs, so i was close. What i learn about this project was that not all diapers are same some could absorb alot and others could absorb less. Testing these diapers was an interesting and fun project ,now i know what best brand of diapers i could get for my nieces.
WorkCited: (reformat; see 1st example as sample for the rest; too many sources- only list the ones you used in your research report)
Glossary: 1. ABSORBANCY (noun):the capacity of a substance to absorb radiation, expressed as the common logarithm of the reciprocal of . the transmittance of the substance. 2. CELLULOSE(noun):an inert carbohydrate,(C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n the chief constituent of the cellwalls of cotton, hemp, paper, etc. 3. CLOTH (noun):a fabric formed by weaving, felting, etc., from wool, hair, silk, flax, cotton, or other fiber, used forgarments, upholstery,and many other items. 4. DIAPER(noun):a piece of cloth or other absorbent material folded and worn as underpants by a baby not yet toilet-trained.
5. DISPOSABLE(adjective):designed for or capable of being thrown away after being used or used up.
6. HYPOALLERGENIC(adjective):designed to reduce or minimize the possibility of an allergic response, as by containing relatively . few orno potentially irritating substances.
7. LAYER(noun):a thickness of some material laid on or spread over a surface. 8. POLYMERS(noun):a compound of high molecular weight derived either by the addition of many smaller molecules, as polyethylene, or by the condensation of many smaller molecules with the elimination of water,alcohol, or the like, as nylon. 9. PREMIUM(noun):a prize, bonus,or award given as an inducement, as to purchase products, enter competitionsinitiated by business interests, etc. 10. QUANTITIES(noun):a particular or indefinite amount of anything.
Rubric for 2f- deadline extended to 4/30You will get Tuesday class time (4/30) to make any additional revisions. Must use 3rd person AND in-text citations for Purpose, History, Process, & Applications paragraphs.
Pts. Earned
Pts. Possible
Abstract (Q1-2)
1
5
Purpose
3
5
History
3
5
Process
0
5
Applications (Formerly Future)
0
5
Reflection (about research AND lab)
0
5
Glossary
0
5
Works Cited
2.5
5
Total
9.5
40
Rubric for 5-6ab- deadline 5/3 You will get class time (4/30 & 5/2) to make additional revisions to your wikispace page.
Abstract:
The experiment investigated how the brand of newborn disposable diaper affected its absorbency. Disposable diapers are convenient for children to wear and must be absorbent in order to prevent accidents. The hypothesis stated that Pampers would have the best absorbency compared to Luvs and Huggies. The procedure used a small section of diaper and immersed it in a beaker containing 100 mL of water. After a short period of time, the diaper section was removed and after dripping ceased; the volume of water remaining in the beaker was subtracted from the starting volume in order to determine the amount absorbed. Data showed that Pampers were most absorbent and outperformed the other brands tested. In conclusion, to prevent leakage and liquid accidents, have your newborn wear Pampers.Purpose:
This project can help mothers spend less money on buying diapers that won’t give the best results in absorbency . by knowing which diaper is most absorbent. This will also help families in the household by saving 100 dollars. Finding the most absorbent diaper can help every household and assure mother’s there choice in buying diapers. This can help babies that wear diapers because they will have the best result of knowing which diapers is most absorbent and there would be no acciendents. When going out or shopping mother’s will feel more depentedned on checking there babies diapers often because they can trust that the leading diaper they choose will be affective
History
In the 19th century, the modern diaper began to take shape and mothers in many parts of the world used cotton material, held in place with a fastening—eventually the safety pin. Cloth diapers in the United States were first mass-produced in 1887 by Maria Allen. In the diapers were made out of terry toweling, often with an inner lining made out of soft muslin in 1946, Marion Donovan used a shower curtain from her bathroom to create the "Boater", a plastic cover to go outside a diaper. First sold in 1949 at Saks Fifth Avenue's flagship store in New York City, patents were later issued in 1951 to Donovan who later sold the rights to the waterproof diaper for $1 million. In 1947, a housewife in the UK, Valerie Hunter Gordon, started developing and making Paddi, a 2-part system of a disposable pad. She was very intrigued about producing a better diaper (nappies) Over the next few decades, the disposable diaper industry boomed and the competition between Procter & Gamble's Pampers and Kimberly Clark's Huggies resulted in lower prices and drastic changes to diaper design. They have helped many families with low income to get diapers needed for their babies Several improvements were made, such as the use of double gussets to improve diaper fit and containment. As stated in Procter & Gamble's initial 1973 patent for the use of double gussets in a diaper, they started producing diapers of refasten able tapes, the "hourglass shape" so as to reduce bulk at the crotch area, and the 1984 introduction of super-absorbent material from polymers known as sodium polyacrylate that were originally developed in 1966
Process:
What ingredients in diapers cause absorbency? Describe the design of a diaper.
Analysis:
This project could help a new born no leak through their diaper. We tested what diaper can be most absorbent, by the most diaper that can hold the most amount of water.
In regards to experimental error, the only source of error may have come from some droplets of water remaining on the walls of the beaker that were not measured. To eliminate this error, the starting volume of water could be massed (100mL of water has a mass of 100g) and then the mass of water absorbed (after dripping had ceased) could be measured on an electronic balance. This would account for all water absorbed by the disposable diaper section.
New problems to investigate may be to determine the mass of sodium polyacrylate in each diaper brand or to examine the variations in thickness of this polymer in various locations of the diaper or perhaps examine how storage temperature affects the effectiveness of this polymer after the diaper is manufactured.
Materials:
· 5 Target brand newborn - use as control
· 5 newborn Pampers
· 5 newborn Huggies
· 100 mL glass graduated cylinder
· 250 mL glass beaker
· Tap water
· 1 stop watch
· 1 pair of scissors
· Permanent markers
Hypothesis:
If newborn Pampers are used, then they will be more absorbent than newborn target brand (up) or newborn Huggies because Pampers
Problem:
How would papmer absorb more water then huggies and target brand?
Question:
What is the effect of diaper brand absorbency?
Variables
· Independent Variable - Brand of diaper
· Dependent Variable - water absorbed in milliliters (mL)
· Control Variables - Same size disposable diaper (new born, 8-10 lbs); same size
Procedure:
From each type of newborn diaper, a graduated cylinder was filled with 100 mL of room temperature tap water. One of diaper was placed it into a container .A stop- watch was started, and timed for 30 seconds. At the end of 30 seconds, the diaper section was lifted slowly out of the water (by a corner) and excess water was allowed to drip back into the container. The diaper section was held over the beaker until the water stopped dripping. . The water that remained in the beaker was poured back into the graduated cylinder. The amount of water that was absorbed was recorded in mL. The same procedure was repeated until five trials have been done to for each newborn diaper brand.
Conclusion:
The UP (target brand) newborn brand was used as a control. Following five trials, the amount of water absorbed shows that the control the data supports the hypothesis and the hypothesis has been accepted. Each data set from each trial also shows that Pampers was more absorbent than up (target brand) was more absorbent than Huggies. In each trial, the control was least absorbent. That is, absorbency is greatest in Pampers and least in Huggies, excluding the control. The overall trend when all trials are averaged shows that Pampers is the most absorbent followed by Luvs followed by Huggies. The results from repeated trials show the same outcome for the most absorbent brand and the least absorbent brand. All control variables were maintained and held the same all thought the experiment to make sure data was correctly in putted into data tables & graphs
Application:
This project can help parents save money by not having to buy a lot of diapers because the keep running out by leaking through.This project can also help people find the best brand of diaper they can use for there new born.Which in our experiment was Pampers. On google we found out that this girl tested several diapers and on of her diapers was Pampers. The diaper that absorb the greatest amount of water was Pampers too.(Wilson, 2000). This experiment was to determine what type of diaper has the best absorbency, brand or disposable.(Nelson,2008) Most of the diapers are made out of cotton and if people want to make there own is usually made out of cloth. Hopefully in the future scientists will make a diaper more absorbent than its now-a-days(Cruse,2012)
Rubric for 2e.
For this experiment we test out which diaper is most absorbent and it turned out that pampers was because pampers can hold the greatest amount of water. The (mL) number of water that pampers absorbed was 70-76. That was the highest rate we tested. The lowest was Target Brand(ups) the scale was 52-55.That was the lowest rate. Luvs and Huggies were almost the same amount. Luvs was 66-68 and Huggies was 62-66. What i thought was surprising is that, the most absorbent diaper was Pampers. Before testing it Target brand(ups) felt like it had more cotton than any other diaper so i thought Target brand was going to be most absorbent but my prediction was wrong. Also i thought the one that was going to absorb the lowest amount of water was Luvs. Well Huggies was the lowest was Huggies but the second to lowest was Luvs, so i was close. What i learn about this project was that not all diapers are same some could absorb alot and others could absorb less. Testing these diapers was an interesting and fun project ,now i know what best brand of diapers i could get for my nieces.
Work Cited: (reformat; see 1st example as sample for the rest; too many sources- only list the ones you used in your research report)
No author. "Best Diapers." 2013.Viewpoints, Inc. http://www.viewpoints.com/diapers
No author:"How We Tested Disposable Diaper" 2013.
http://www.babygearlab.com/disposable-diaper-reviews/now-...
Steve Spangler:"Baby Diaper Secret"2006-2013
http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/experiment/diapersecret
no author "Cloth or Diaper" 2007-13
http://www.cyfr.umn.com
no author."Diapers and Wipes" 2010
http://www.Huggies.com
no author:
"what is the most absorbent overnight diaper???"2013
http://www.dcurbanmom.com/jforum/posts/list/231945.page
no author:"diaper" 2013
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaper
Caldwell,Ginny."Cloth vs. Disposable Diapers." 2012
http://ecomall.com
no author:
"How to Choose the Best Disposable Diapers"2013http://www.babygearlab.com/Disposable-Diaper-Reviews/buying-advice
By RuthJ, eHow Contributor
"How to Test the Absorbency of Different Brands of Diapers"
1999-2013How to Test the Absorbency of Different Brands of Diapers | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/how_4475257_test-absorbency-different-brands-diapers.html#ixzz2S9lBRWwM
Glossary:
1. ABSORBANCY (noun):the capacity of a substance to absorb radiation, expressed as the common logarithm of the reciprocal of . the transmittance of the substance.
2. CELLULOSE(noun):an inert carbohydrate,(C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n the chief constituent of the cellwalls of cotton, hemp, paper, etc.
3. CLOTH (noun):a fabric formed by weaving, felting, etc., from wool, hair, silk, flax, cotton, or other fiber, used forgarments, upholstery,and many other items.
4. DIAPER(noun):a piece of cloth or other absorbent material folded and worn as underpants by a baby not yet toilet-trained.
5. DISPOSABLE(adjective):designed for or capable of being thrown away after being used or used up.
6. HYPOALLERGENIC(adjective):designed to reduce or minimize the possibility of an allergic response, as by containing relatively . few orno potentially irritating substances.
7. LAYER(noun):a thickness of some material laid on or spread over a surface.
8. POLYMERS(noun):a compound of high molecular weight derived either by the addition of many smaller molecules, as polyethylene, or by the condensation of many smaller molecules with the elimination of water,alcohol, or the like, as nylon.
9. PREMIUM(noun):a prize, bonus,or award given as an inducement, as to purchase products, enter competitionsinitiated by business interests, etc.
10. QUANTITIES(noun):a particular or indefinite amount of anything.
Rubric for 2f- deadline extended to 4/30You will get Tuesday class time (4/30) to make any additional revisions.
Must use 3rd person AND in-text citations for Purpose, History, Process, & Applications paragraphs.
You will get class time (4/30 & 5/2) to make additional revisions to your wikispace page.